Q. Like, let's say I establish a melody that uses...I don't know, F# and B flat. What would that mean? And how do I know what chords sound good with which notes?
Basically I'm looking for a lesson on musical theory for really, really dumb people. Like, you're going to need to dumb it down majorly.
Your help is very much appreciated!
A. 1) You first need to understand the chromatic scale. In other words, you need to realize that there are 12 unique notes that repeat every octave. You see how on the piano that there is a pattern after every 12 notes?
2) Next, you need to know the Major Scale. The major scale is the cornerstone of music theory - learn it, live it, love it. First we need to define Whole Steps and Half Steps. A whole step is when you start at a note, and make a jump of 2 notes (like from C to D, or A flat to Bflat). A half step is a jump of one note (like from B to C, or F# to G). The major scale is first formed by picking a random note, lets say, C. Then you follow the major scale pattern: whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, whole step, half step. So if you start on C, the major scale would be C,D,E,F,G,A,B, and back to C. Another example: If you start on G, then the G Major scale would be G,A,B,C,D,E,F#,G.
3) The key of a song basically tells the band what major scale to play in and pick notes to play from. This is very important because if your song is in the key of G major, but if a band member plays A flat, then that note will sound "off-key" - it will sound wrong.
4) It is also important to realize that chords come from the individual notes of the major scales as well. Lets say we are in the key of C Major. The notes in our key are C,D,E,F,G,A,B, and C. The C major chord is formed by playing the 1st, 3rd, and 5th notes of the C major scale together. C-E-G played together will be a C Major chord. Notice that the chord is formed by stacking 3rds. By this I mean that to go from C to E, you go C - D - E. You had to go up 3 notes in the major scale to get to the E. So just realize that C-E is an interval of a third, and E-G is an interval of a third. Now, you will see that there are In fact more chords that exist in the key of C Major. There are a total of 7 chords that can be played in each key. Staying in the key of C Major, the other chords are: If you start on D, you can get the chord D minor by playing D-F-A at the same time, you can get E minor by playing E-G-B at the same time, F Major: F-A-C, G Major G-B-D, A minor: A-C-E, and B diminished: B-D-F. Each chord has its own charataristics. Major chords tend to sound happy, minor chords tend to sound sad or dark, and diminished chords have a lot of tension.
5) Chords themselves, each have a vital function and interact with the melody played at the same time, and previous chords played. It is worth pointing out that we assign the chords in each key a number. For example, in C Major, our 1 chord is C Major, because if we start on the first note, we get C Major. Starting on the 2nd note, we get D minor, so D minor is our 2 chord. 3 is E minor, 4 is F Major, 5 is G Major, 6 is A minor, and 7 is B diminished. The reason we number the chords in each major scale, is because each chord number has a function. Songs usually start and end on the 1 chord, sometimes the 6 chord if it is a sad song. The 5 chord has tension that wants to get resolved so the 5 chord likes to go to the 1 chord after it is played. It is common to play the 2 chord before the 5 chord, in fact, the 2-5-1 chord progression is the most important chord progression of all time. Other common chord progressions heard in pop/rock music include: 1-5-6-4, 6-4-1-5, and 1-6-4-5.
6) If you have a melody, you need to figure out what key it is in by finding out what major scale contains all (or most) of your notes. Your song has a melody with F# and B flat. This could be F# Major, B Major, or C# Major, depending on the rest of your melody or desired harmony. Once you decide on a key, you can find out what chords fit into this key, and play them under your melody.
I know it is a lot of information, don't get discouraged. It will take a while for it to all make sense, but don't give up. It will be totally worth it when you are making all kinds of music you like!!!
What are some good sources to read about guitar theory/ music theory?
Q. I want to learn more about chord structure works, how scales work, how most songs are written/ song composition and things like that because I want to have a better ability to make and write music. I'm a novice when it comes to guitar as I have only been playing for a year. Any other suggestions on things I should learn or what order or something I should learn things in would be much appreciated as well!
A. Hey there, my name's Garrett. I'm glad you're looking into ways to educate yourself in the technicalities of music theory in approaching writing songs! Many people take off without learning some basic fundamentals and hit walls because they are not able to completely understand what they are playing.
Probably the best way to understand music composition is obviously professional instruction. But because many people do not have the time, means, or financial capability to do that, I'll run through some other alternatives.
Honestly, some of the best free sources of music theory come from people uploading things on YouTube. Just run a search for "beginning music theory guitar" or something like that.
If you have a few dollars to spend, go into any guitar center or bookstore and look for orchestration or composition books. Even though these books may be geared towards different instruments, that is ok. Music theory is music theory. The first few chapters will always be about how music is arranged and how chord structure works. It doesn't change instrument to instrument, and it will still give you a solid foundation for applying anything to the guitar.
Personally I would recommend learning theory first by looking at the piano instead of the guitar. This may seem foreign and weird at first, but let me explain. Piano is unique in that there is a visual for every note that is played (in other words, there is a single key for a single note). And these notes are lined up lowest to highest, from left to right. Guitar doesn't offer that. You can play a note on the low E string that is higher than the open D string, and you can play the same note in a multitude of different places on the guitar. Piano is not like this. Piano is very straightforward. You literally are able to see the intervals.
Here's a crash course to solidify what I am saying. I will get to how this applies to writing songs on guitar, promise!
A major scale is composed of these intervals - whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half.
Whole meaning a whole step. This means that you move two keys on the piano (including black keys) for every note you move up. A half step means you only move up one key.
A C major scale is the simplest, so I'll use this one as an example. Start on C, then whole step (skipping the black key) to D, then another whole step to E, then half to F, and so on, following the whole-half structure I indicated above.
If you do this right, you notice that you didn't hit any black keys and the scale sounds happy and familiar. This is why C is the easiest. There are no sharps and no flats. If you start on the note D and play a D major scale, following the whole-half structure, you'll notice that you will hit F# and C#. This is where sharps and flats come from.
Now lets see how this applies to creating a song, and chord structure. Lets start at C again. Play a C chord, then an F chord, then a G cord, and an A minor chord. These all sound good together, right? That is because all of these chords are in the same key; the key of C. The C chord is the I chord, the F chord is the IV chord, the G chord is the V chord and the A minor is the VI minor chord. If we go back to our scale, you'll notice C is the first note you hit in the whole-half pattern, F is the 4th, G is the 5th, and A is the 6th. You can mix these chords up any way you want and they will sound good. Thousands and thousands of songs have been written based on these chords alone. For now it is not important to understand why the first three chords are major and the 6 chord is minor, but you will get to that if you decide to pursue your musical training.
If you want to play in a key other than C, you look at the same pattern, just with different notes. For example, the I chord in the key of D is D. The IV chord is G, the V is A, and the VI is B minor. These are the same intervals as the chords in the key of C, just played in the key of D.
Of course you are not only limited to the I, IV, V, and VI chords in making a song. You don't even have to play chords. The great thing about music is that it is always up to the artist's choice. Chords are just a good place to start. As you learn more, you will learn the other chords that can be played in a specific key to sound good and how to add "accidental" notes and move in and out of keys, use passing chords, etc etc.
But start with knowing chord structure and what chords will sound good together and why. Then you can find intervals and grooves you like, put some lead guitar on top of the chords, or incorporate whatever you feel is best.
I know I practically just wrote a novel, and I'm sorry for that. But I really love this stuff and I like showing it to people too. I hope some of that made sense. Read up and you'll understand this stuff in no time!
How long does it take to learn bass guitar?
Q. I'm a grade 2 on piano already.
How long would you need to play to be able to cover the bass of a rock band?
And how hard is it compared to piano?
A. Having not played a string instrument before, it will take you a bit of time to build up your fingers and dexterity for playing bass guitar. Your piano knowledge will help some, but honestly, most rock bassists don't read the bass line from music or anything like you would a piano score. They typically know and understand their scales and chord theory and improvise the bass line around the chord structure of the song.
Compared to piano though, I think you'll find bass pretty easy. You have 4 strings (E A D G from thickest to thinnest). Each fret is a half step, so the first fret on the E string would be F, 2nd fret is F#, 3rd is G, etc). The easiest way to get going on bass is to look at a chord chart of the song (has the chord names above the lyrics) and just play the root note of each chord on the bass, so if you see a C chord you play a C on the bass, if you see a G chord you play a G on the bass. If there is an alternate bass note (ie. D/F#) you'd play the note to the right of the / (the F# in this case). The tricky part is getting your rhythm down. Typically you'd play whole notes, 1/4 notes, or 1/8 notes depending on the dynamics of the song. Really not that difficult to do a passable job on bass, but there's way more you can do with it with enough practice and musical knowledge.
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